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Some reminiscences

“We’ve lost our Nobel Prize winner!!”

In 1971 I was in my last year doing by PhD under the direction of Robert (Bob) F. Snider at the University of British Columbia.  That year Bob was the organizer of the Fourth Canadian Symposium on Theoretical Chemistry.  There were about 200 participants.

I helped Bob with some of the preparations and organization.  Interestingly in 1993, I organized the 11th Canadian Symposium at McGill University with again about 200 participants.

But back in 1971, theoretical chemistry was considered to be quantum chemistry with the goal of using computational methods to solve the Schrodinger Equation for chemical bonding.  Although this important part the theoretical chemistry has made tremendous gains today, Bob wanted to bring into the conference more formalism: statistical mechanics, group theory and spectroscopy.  For example Brian Wybourne, then at U of Chaterbury in NZ gave a brilliant talk on group theory. Chuck Curtiss was there.  He was my academic grandfather and he worked in kinetic theory. Russian born Ilya Prigogine, who became a Belgium citizen, was then at the U. of Texas, Austin and he got the Nobel prize in chemistry a few years later, (1977).

At that time Prigogine was well known.  He was a short rotund man with European airs, and he arrived with a flourish at the first coffee break, wearing his jacket draped over his shoulders, shaking hands and holding court. In the following sessions at question period, he frequently rose to give a long discussion of how in his talk, all the questions raised by the present speaker would be resolved.  In fact I was lost in his talk with so many integrals and symbols.

Charles Coulson (Oxford University) gave a brilliant after banquet speech.  I wish I had a copy but the message was not to let computational aspects of Theoretical Chemistry get in the way of conceptualization of science.

Robert S. Muliken

Robert S. Muliken

However the person there who did have a Nobel Prize was Robert S. Muliken from the University of Chicago (physics). Muliken played a primary role in the development of Molecular Orbital Theory.  He was 74 then.

At that time, it was customary in a week’s symposium to have an outing. Although it was mid-August, Bob, an avid skier, had planned a trip to Whistler mountain where the participants would take the gondola up to the Round House and spend a couple of hours in the clean mountain air and enjoy the surrounding scene of mountains and glaciers.  However the day before the outing, by chance I called Whistler and found that gondola was closed for maintenance, and at that time it was the only way up.

We scrambled and decided to divert the outing to Hope, B.C. where there is a walking trail of several kilometers, along which the participants could marvel at the huge B.C. fir trees.  So off we went.  Everyone was advised to return to the buses at an appointed time, but when Bob did the head, he discovered Muliken was not present. He came out of the bus and said to me,

“We’ve lost our Nobel Prize winner!!”

A quick search of the area did not turn him up.  Bob went on a jog in the opposite direction around the trial and I went looking around in other places. Bob returned, panting, with no luck and I had not found him either. Maybe he had fallen into a gulley along the way.  What were we to do?  We were getting worried.

Eventually we found him.  He had decided the walk was too much for him on that hot day, and so he found a quiet spot behind the convenience store and had fallen asleep.

 

Am I the one who found the famous Solvay 1927 conference photo?

most famous physics photograph showing the conference held in Brussels in 1927 and chaired by Hendrik Lorentz

From top R to L; A. Piccard, E. Henriot, P. Ehrenfest, E. Herzen, Th. De Donder, E. Schrödinger, J.E. Verschaffelt, W. Pauli, W. Heisenberg, R.H. Fowler, L. Brillouin; P. Debye, M. Knudsen, W.L. Bragg, H.A. Kramers, P.A.M. Dirac, A.H. Compton, L. de Broglie, M. Born, N. Bohr; I. Langmuir, M. Planck, M. Curie, H.A. Lorentz, A. Einstein, P. Langevin, Ch. E. Guye, C.T.R. Wilson, O.W. Richardson

This is, perhaps, the most famous physics photograph showing the conference held in Brussels in 1927 and chaired by Hendrik Lorentz.  The theme of the conference was photons and electrons, and the delegates struggled to understand the meaning of the new quantum mechanics.

Here I will describe how I obtained that photograph and will make a guess that maybe it was through my discovery that this picture came to light.  I might be wrong about this and I invite people to correct my story and help with details but I found this photo almost forty years ago in a dusty corner.

My post-doc years were spent as a resident theoretician at the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory in Leiden, Holland.  I worked in the molecular physics group of Professor Jan Beenakker.  He had a large team and we studied the effects of electric and magnetic fields on the transport properties of gases.  (You could actually see quantum effects in the viscosity and thermal conductivity in the gas phase.)

Disaster In Leiden 180 (see chair in tree)

Disaster In Leiden 180 (see chair in tree)

During the Napoleonic wars in 1807 a barge laden with gunpowder exploded in a canal near the center of the town.  Five hundred people died and the explosion was heard as far away as Harlem.  About a hundred years later, the Kamerligh Onnes laboratory was built on this site over the rubble of the destroyed buildings.  The scientist, Kamerligh Onnes, was the first person to liquefy helium, and he went on to discover super-fluidity and super-conductivity.

The deepest part of the lab resembles a catacomb and I was told that in WW II, a couple of Jewish scientists hid there.  In 1974, towards the end of my 2 years as post doc, I started to poke around and learn more about the lab’s history.  In the Erenfest Reading room (a place where no books can be taken out because Erenfest said that he did not want the journals to end up in the offices of Profs, and unavailable to students),  I found articles by famous physicists.  I recall being particularly enthralled by the hand written thesis of Henri Poincarrié  just sitting in the stacks.  In those dark and dusty areas of the lowest level, there were boxes and crates that likely held treasures from the past research.  However the best find for me was in the photographer’s storage area where a pile of glass negatives were stacked in a corner, some broken, but many intact. All were large so prints were made by direct contact.

Kamerlingh Onnes

Kamerlingh Onnes (left)

In that pile, I found the original glass negative of the 1927 Solvay Conference.  I had never seen the picture before and it was an exciting moment as I looked at my find, and started to recognize individuals.  I talked to the current photographer, whose name I have now forgotten, and he kindly made prints of several of those negatives, including the Solvay conference. It came as a surprise when he told me that the person who took the Solvay Conference photograph was his grandfather.

Now I do not know what happened after that, but I know he made several copies at the time he made mine, and likely he  just gave them away, and so, perhaps, the photo spread.

At least I like to think that it was my rummaging around that led to that photograph being discovered.

If anyone knows more, can debunk my theory; know the name of the photographer; or any other details about the origin of the picture, I would be very interested to hear from you.

 

 

 

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Author's Bio

Bryan Sanctuary, a Professor of Chemistry at McGill University (Montreal, Canada), is the primary author of this blog as well as president of MCH Multimedia. | www.mchmultimedia.com | and co- author of Physical Chemistry  - Laidler, Meiser, Sanctuary